Abba Kovner calls the Jews in the Vilna Ghetto not to surrender to Nazi's massacre as "sheep to the slaughter".

A Jewish vizier  and thosands of Jews are killed during the Granada massacre.

Keren Kayemet is established at the 5th Zionist Congress in Basel.

Israel starts Cast Lead military operation against Gaza.

Five Israeli gunboats eacape the French embargo in the port of Cherbourg.

67 Jews succeed to escape from the Ninth Fort.

The Pale of Settlement is established in Russia.

The SS Ruslan arrived in Jaffa from Odessa with 671 Russian Jews aboard.

Francis Salvador becomes the first Jew to be elected to an American legislature.

UN revokes the 1975 resolution equating Zionism with racism

 Adolph Eichmann is sentenced to death at his trial in Jerusalem.

The trial of the Jewish Zionist highjackers opens in Leningrad.

 Knesset passes The Golan Heights Law, extending Israeli law to the area of the Golan Heights.

The Knesset votes to move its offices from Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem.

Hitler speaks of "extermination of the Jewish race in Europe" at a meeting in Reich Chancellery.

General  Allenby enters the conquered Jerusalem 's Old City on foot through the Jaffa Gate.

The 22nd Zionist congress, the first after the Holocaust, opens in Base, Switzerland.

Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat receive the Nobel Peace prize in Oslo.

Shmuel Yosef Agnon receives Nobel Prize in Literature.

Historian Shimon Dubnov is killed by the Germans in the Riga Ghetto.

The Knesset declares Jerusalem capital of Israel.

The first Jewish Kindertransport  departed from Berlin on the way to United Kingdom. 

David Ben Gurion dies in Shiba Hospital at the age of 87.

The Arab-Jewish civil war starts in Palestine.

The United Nations General Assembly votes to partition Palestine onto Jewish and Arab states.

 Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, meets Hitler in Berlin.

The Society for Culture and Science of Judaism is established in Berlin.

Eight Jewish student establish a college fraternity Sigma Alpha Mu in New York.

The "Patria" liner with 1800 Jewish refugees on board sinks in Haifa harbour.

The Main Fortress of Theresienstadt is turned into a concentration camp.

Jews are expelled from Naples.

Resolution 242 on an Arab-Israeli peace settlement is adopted by the UN Security Council.

Jonathan Pollard is arrested in Washington for spying for Israel.

Haviva Reick is shot by the Germans and their Slovakian fascist collaborators.

Samuel Goldfish and Selwyn brothers establish Goldwyn Pictures Corporation.

Judith Rodin becomes the first woman president of an Ivy League university - University of Pennsylvania. 

Daniel Saul Goldin completes the longest ten-year tenue as Administrator of NASA.

The meeting of rabbies to suggest the Reform Platform opens in Pittsburgh.

Palestine National Council declares an independent Palestinian State.

The British government announces the formation of an Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry of the Palestine situation. 

The Peel Commission arrives in Palestine.

UN adopts a resolution equating Zionism with racism.

The first rabbinical seminary, Jews College, opens in London, England.

The Night of Broken Glass, or Kristallnacht, starts in Germany and Austria. 

Hannah Szenes is executed by Nazis in Budapest, Hungary.

Herschel Grynszpan shoots a German Embassy official in Paris.

The founding convention of Hovevei Zion meets in Katovice, Poland.

Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by an extremist religious Israeli.

The first Jewish residential quarter outside the Old City, Mishkenot Sha'ananim, is dedicated in Jerusalem.

The Balfour Declaration proclaims British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people"

The Jewish Resistance Movement in Palestine blows up British trains, boats and a train station.

The Near East Eathquake ruins Safed and Tiberias.

Altneuland by Herzl is published in Austria.

Israel starts the Kadesh Operation.

The Catholic Church declares that Jews are not responsible for the death of Jesus.

Israel and Jordan sign Peace Treaty.

Levi Eshkol is born in Ukraine.

France grants citizenship to Algerian Jews.

Netanyahu and Arafat sign the Wye River Memorandum.

The first Hebrew high school opens in Jaffa.

The Lord Passfield "White Paper" on the British Policy in Palestine is published.

Irena Sandler is arrested by the Gestapo.

António José da Silva is burnt in an auto-da-fé in Lisbon, Portugal.

The first Reform Temple is dedicated in Hamburg, Germany.

Massive roundup and deportation of Jews of Rome by the Nazis.

Nobel Prize for Peace is awarded to Rabin, Peres and Arafat.

The Independent Order of B'nai B'rith is founded in New York City. 

The first man of Jewish origin steps on the shore of the New World.

The Palmach  fighters break into the Atlit camp and release 200 illegal immigrants.

Casimir III of Poland confirms the privileges granted to Jews.

The first performance of the Habima theatrical studio takes place in Moscow.

The founding conference of the General Jewish Labour Bund opens in Vilna.

Egypt launches a coordinated attack against Israel starting the Yom Kippur War. 

The London "Sunday Times" reveals Israel's secret nuclear program.

The "Maxim" restaurant suicide bombing in Haifa kills 21 people.

A bomb hidden in a motorcycle goes off outside the synagogue in Paris.

Salladin recaptures Jerusalem and allows Jews to resettle in the city.

 Israeli Air Force F-15s bombed the PLO's Tunis headquarters.

The Jewish community of Denmark is given advance warning of the planned deportation and flees to Sweeden. 

The Babi Yar Massacre starts in Kiev.

Issac Aharon, the first Jew, is granted permission to settle in Sweden.

Pope Clement VI issues a papal bull  condemning putting blame for the plague on the Jews. 

The Beilis trial opens in Kiev, Ukraine.

 Reinhard Heydrich orders the establishment of Judenrats.

The British War Office announces the formation of the Jewish Brigade of the British Army.

The Lehi group assassinates Count Folke Bernadotte.

Sabbatai Zvi converts to Islam.

 The Nuremberg Laws deprive German Jews of citizenship.

Oslo Accords are signed in Washington, DC by Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and  Bill Clinton. 

New Zionist Organization is founded by Jabotinsky in Vienna.

Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine is established.

"Women's Rebellion" breaks out in Dubossary.

PLO recognizes the right of the State of Israel to exist in peace and security.

The General Charter of Jewish Liberties is issued in Kalizh, Poland

Tsar Nickolay I signs the "Statute on Conscription Duty" which imposed military service on Jews in Russia.

Military General Staff is appointed for Haganah various bodies.

Palestinian terrorists take hostage and kill members of the Israeli Olimpic team in Munich.

The Lachwa ghetto residents resist deportation.

The Jewish resistance movement starts an uprising in the Vilna Ghetto.

The Soviet Communist Party Jewish Section proclaims Hebrew "a reactionary language" and prohibits its teaching.

The Soviet Communist Party Jewish Section proclaims Hebrew "a reactionary language" and prohibits its teaching.

The First Zionist Congress opens in Basel, Switzerland.

A Jewish agricultural settlement is founded in New Jersey, US.

The siege of Tiberius by Suleiman Pasha of Damascus ends.

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion are published in Russia.

First 350 illegal immigrants arrive in Palestine aboard "Vellos".

6000 Jews of Maintz are killed blamed for the plague.

Massacre of Jews starts in Hebron.

The first Jew arrives in New Amsterdam in North America from Ricife, Brazil.

The 18th Zionist Congress opens in Prague.

Paul Gerstein gives first evidence of gas chambers to a Swedish diplomat.

The Nazis start to burn the bodies of the Baby Yar victims.

German Jews are ordered to add Israel and Sarah to their names.

The Arab riots start in Palestine.

Adolph Eichman submitts the Madagaskar Plan.

130 families of Russian Jews arrive in Argentina.

The Jews of Poland are granted the right to elect a Chief rabbi.

Thirteen Jewish intellectuals are executed by the Stalin regime.

The Jewish Agency for Israel is established.

The U.S. Senate confirms Ruth Bader Ginsburg as a Supreme Judge

The Pinsk Jewish community is established.

The World Jewish Congress is founded in Geneva.

The opening ceremony of the Bar-Ilan University takes place.

Varian Fry arrives in France to start his rescue operation.

The 20th World Zionist Congress opens in Zurich.

The Portugese synagogue "Talmud Torah" is inaugurated in Amsterdam.

 Anne Frank makes the last entry in her diary.

The Jerusalem Law is  passed by the Knesset. 

Three Jewish fighters are executed by the British in Palestine.

The Jewish Fighting Organization - ZOB - is established in Warsaw.

Baruh Spinoza is excommunicated by the Jewish community.

Isaac Bashevis Singer dies in USA.

The Treblinka extermination camp is opened in Poland.

 The Jerusalem King David Hotel is blown up by the Jewish Resistance.

Isaac Stern is born in Ukraine.

300 Jewish merchants in Nuremberg are arrested, paraded in the streets and beaten up.

The Jewish Community Center in Buenos-Aires is blown-up by terrorists, killing 85 and injuring 300.

Edict of Expulsion of Jews is issued in England.

SS Exodus arrives at Palestine shores. 

The first Reform service is held by Israel Jacobson in Germany.

13,152 Jews are arrested in Paris for deportation.

Jerusalem is captured in the First Crusade.

The fall of Bastille starts the process of emancipation of Jews.

Isaak Babel is born in Ukraine.

Alfred Dreifus is aqitted on all accounts by the Court of Appeals.

WIZO is founded in London.

The Venetian ghetto gates are torn down after the French capture the city.

The reform movement is launched in Cincinnati, USA.

The Peel Commission submitts report recommending partition of Palestine.

The first Bilu settlers arrive in Eretz Israel.

The Knesset enacts the Law of Return.

Jewish hostages are rescued by the IDF in Entebbe.

The Vichy Government agrees to deport foreign-born Jews to concentration camps.

Herbert Samuel is appointed High Commissioner of Palestine.

The first Kastner train leaves Hungary.

Romanian forces launch a violent pogrom  in the city of Iaşi.

Naomi Shemer dies in Tel-Aviv.

 Gilad Shalit is kidnapped by Palestinian militants.

Walter Rathenau is assassinated in a plot led by two ultra-nationalist army officers.

Empress Catherine II's decree increases the Pale of Settlement for Jews.

Germany attacks the Soviet Union in WWII.

Two white Jewish and one black civil rights activists are killed in Mississipy by Ku Klux Klan.

The "Altalena" ship reaches the shore of Israel.

Haganah destroys 11 bridges linking Palestine to the neighboring countries.

Haim Arlosoroff is assassinated in Tel-Aviv.

A group of Soviet Jews is arrested during the attemt to highjack a plane to flee to Israel.

Martin Buber dies in Jerusalem.

Anne Frank is born in Germany.

Soviet Jewish General Yona Yakir is tried and executed on Stalin's order.

 Israel captures the Golan Heights from Syria.

The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's nuclear reactor. 

First Lebanon War begins.

Six-Dar War begins.

The MS St. Louis is denied permission to land in US.

Shlomo Argov is shot in London.

The Farhud pogrom breaks out in Baghdad.

 Adolf Eichmann is hanged in Israel.

 The Lod Airport Massacre is carried out by Japanese terrorists.

Agudat Israel is established in Poland.

Teddy Kollek is born in Hungary.

 Israel withdraws from  Lebanon.

Operation Solomon brings Ethiopian Jews to Israel.

 Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran.

Baal Shemtov is born in Ukraine.

Moshe Dayan is born.

Gustav Mahler dies in Vienna, Austria.

Egypt orders all UN forces out of Sinai.

The Israeli War of Independence starts.

The establishment of the State of Israel is declared.

 The Kfar Etzion massacre is committed by Arabs.

 West Germany and Israel establish diplomatic relations.

Israel becomes member of the UN.

Titus starts assault on Jerusalem.

Ratification of the German surrender in WWII.

Mordechaj Anielewicz takes his life in the Warsaw Ghetto.

Herod's Tomb is discovered near Jerusalem.

Sigmund Freud is born in Moravia.

Swiss Aardau grants citizenship to its ghetto Jews.

The Gaza–Jericho Agreement is signed. 

Golda Meir is born in Ukraine.

Theodore Herzl is born in Hungary.

Edith Stein is proclaimed saint by Pope John Paul II.

Hitler commits suicide.

The Dachau concentration camp is liberated.

Oscar Schindler is born in Moravia.

Kurt Waldheim is rejected entry to US.

Bernard Malamud dies in New York, US.

 Israel completes its withdrawal from  Sinai. 

Ezer Weizman dies in Caesaria, Israel

The Haifa Port is captured by Jewish forces.

The Holocaust Museum is dedicated in Washington, DC.

First two witnesses of Aushwitz arrive in Slovakia.

Jews of New York are granted religious toleration.

Pogrom starts in Kishinev.

The Warsaw Getto Uprising starts.

Haim Herzog dies in Jerusalem.

106 civilians are killed in Lebanon in IDF attack.

Masada falls to the Romans.

Bergen Belsen camp is liberated by the Allied troops.

The siege of Jerusalem by Titus starts.

The Hadassah medical convoy massacre.

Terrorist attack in Mahane Yehuda market in Jerusalem.

The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.

Joseph Pulitzer is born in Hungary

107 Arab villagers are killed in Deir Yasin by the Jewish Resistence.

The first sinagogue is dedicated in New York.

Terebovlia's 1100 Jews are shot by Germans.

Saul Bellow dies in US.

Hashomer is founded in Palestine.

Boycott of Jewish businesses in Germany.

Edict of Expulsion is issued in Spain.

The Alhambra Decree, the Edict of Expulsion, is issued by the Spanish monarchs.

Leon Blum dies in France

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of  espionage.

Marc Chagall dies in France.

Passover Massacre in Israel.

Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty is signed in Washington.

Levi Eshkol dies in Jerusalem.

Sarah Jessica Parker is born in US.

Comet Shoemaker-Levy is discovered.

Simon of Trent blood libel in Italy.

Yigael Yadin is born in Jerusalem.

Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.

UN Resolution 425 ends Israel's Operation Litani.

Philip Roth is born in US

Amnon Lipkin-Shahak is born in Tel-Aviv

Golda Meir becomes Israel's PM.

Massacre of Jews in York, England

The refurbished Holocaust museum "Yad Vashem" opens in Jerusalem.

Albert Einstein is born in Germany.

The Krakow Getto is liquidated.

Coastal Road Massacre in Israel.

The "Ink Flag" is raised in Eilat.

Menachem Begin dies in Tel-Aviv.

Israel forces leave Sinai at the end of the Suez crisis.

Joseph Stalin dies in Moscow.

The Edict of Tolerance is issued by Joseph II.

Danny Kaye dies in Los Angeles.

Sholom Aleichem is born in Ukraine.

Joseph Trumpeldor dies in battle in Tel-Hai.

Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben demonstrate their discovery of Carbon-14.

Levi Eshkol dies in Jerusalem.

Baruch Goldstein committs Hebron massacre.

SS Struma is sunk by a Soviet submarine.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild is born in Germany.

Stefan Zweig commits suicide in Brazil.

Baruch Spinoza dies in the Dutch Republic.

David Irving is convicted of Holocaust denial in Austria.

Three Portuguese Marranos from Ferrara are burned in Rome.

"Teheran Children" arrive in Palestine.

Shmuel Yosef Agnon dies in Jerusalem.

Chaim Weizmann is elected the first President of Israel.

The trial of Demjanjuk starts in Jerusalem.

Irina Sendler is born in Poland.

The Knesset  convenes for the first time.

Israel obtains 4 of the 7 Dead Sea scrolls.

Avraham Stern is shot by the British.

Sergei Eisenstein dies in Moscow.

Fanny Kaplan, Lenin's attempted assassin, is born in Ukraine.

The Grand Sanhedrin opens in France.

Martin Buber is born in Austria.

 Émile Zola is tried for publishing J'Accuse.

Chafetz Haim is born in Belarus.

The Damascus affair starts.

Mark Zuckerberg founds Facebook.

Felix Mendelssohn is born in Germany.

Abba Eban is born in South Africa.

Ilan Ramon dies in the Colombia crush.

David Ben Gurion resigns over the Pinhas Lavon Affair.

Youth Aliyah is founded by Recha Freier in Germany

Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany.

Ezekiel Hart swores on a Hebrew Bible in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.

American Jewish astronaut Judith Reznik dies in Space Shuttle Challenger crush.

The Soviet Army liberates the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in Poland.

Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.

Herzl meets Pope Pius II to request support for the Zionist idea.

Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to be appointed US Secretary of State.

 U.S. President Roosevelt establishes the War Refugee Board. 

14 Jewish students in Kharkov, Ukraine, found the BILU movement.

A Nazi conference on the "final solution to the Jewish question" is held in Wannsee, near Berlin.

Klaus Barbie, responsible for the murders of 4,000 people in France during WWII, is arrested in Bolivia.

The first Jews arrive in Australia on the convicts ships of the First Fleet.

Raoul Wallenberg is arrested by the Soviet Army in Budapest never to return.

Bezalel Academy of Arts and Crafts opens in Jerusalem.

35 "Lamed Hei" Haganah fighters are killed on the way to Gush Etzion.

First Jewish cosmonaut, the Soviet Boris Volynov, goes out to space.

Jewish Doctors' Plot is announced in Moscow.

Emile Zola publishes an open letter "J'accuse" on the Dreyfus affair.

Solomon Michoels is murdered by the Soviet Secret Police on Stalin's order.

Jews are granted Finnish citizenship for the first time in Finnland's history.

Hakibbutz Hadati, the religious kibbutz movement, is founded in Palestine

Kfar Szold succeedes to withstand the Arab atack.

The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, accused of causing the Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.

Adolph Zukor, the founder of Paramount Pictures is born in Hungary.

The ceremony of military degradation of Dreyfus is peformed on the Champ de Mars, Paris.

Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon suffers a major stroke.

Emir Fesal and Chaim Weitzman sign the Feisal-Weitzman Agreement

The Edict of Tolerance is issued by Joseph II.

Leon Pinsker publishes the pamphlet "Auto-Emancipation".